Elongation (A)

The permanent extension of a tensile specimen at fracture, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length. It is the standard shop-floor measure of ductility; structural steels commonly require 16–26 %.

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Annealing · Austenite · Bainite · Carbon equivalent (CEV) · Carburizing · Case hardening · Charpy impact test · Cold drawn · Decarburization · ESR (electroslag remelting) · Ferrite · Grain size